Urinalysis is a complete examination of urine sample for health objectives. Simultaneous study of constituents of urine and chemical components of human urine and blood with the aim of establishing. Jan 28, 2020 total solids in urine add up to around 59 grams per person. The urine of patients with diabetes mellitus may have a fruity acetone odor because of ketosis. The majority of the constituents are either waste products of cellular metabolism or products derived directly from certain foods that are eaten.
What is the chemical composition of urine quora curiosity can you survive a desert by drinking your own urine normal makeup of urine saubhaya what is the chemical equation for urine quora. Urine composition and characteristics are directly related to the diet of cats and because the natural diet is difficult to characterize, it is difficult to establish normal reference values. There are direct relation ship between concentration of substance in urine concentration of urine and sg. This colour may be altered by medications, food sources or disease. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration. Sg of urine can be recorded either using varies with the state of hydration and fluid intake.
But when albumin and globulin are found in illness condition then it is called proteinuria. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography mecc of uv. For medical laboratory technology students urinalysis assamenew kassa, b. Perhaps, one of the earliest known record of urine test was the technique of pouring urine on the ground and observing whether or not it attracted insects. Normal urine may range in color from nearly colorless if very dilute to dark orange if very concentrated. Normal, freshlyvoided urine may have a ph range of 5. Note compounds you ordinarily do not find in human urine in appreciable amounts, at least compared with blood plasma, include protein and glucose typical normal range 0.
The ph of urine may change with diet, medications, kidney disease, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In this article, we discuss the normal ph range for urine, and what abnormal test. The latter study can be criticized, however, given. B vitamins turn urine an eyepopping neon yellow but may also indicate liver disease. Normal constituents of urine normal constituent of urine. Inorganic constituents of normal urine anions and cations are. Polyuria is the passage of large volume of urine in a given period. All maintained their normal routine during the period of test. However, some substances are there which are not present in easily noticeable amounts in urine of healthy individuals but are found in the urine of individuals suffering from certain disease. Biochemistry urine analysis normal and abnormal urine. The physical pro perties of urine concentrates were determined in the ranges 4 to 90 percent. Coproporphyrin isomers ii and iv are normal constituents of human urine article pdf available in journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Total solids in urine add up to around 59 grams per person. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in.
Haemoglobinuria is the presence of haemoglobin in urine. Urine is the waste product formed by the kidney that is excreted by body and helps in maintaining the electrolyte and ph level of the body. Urine is the excretory product of the body produced by the process of filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The attraction of insects indicates honey urine which was known to be excreted by people with boils. Urine which is infected with gramnegative organisms often has a distinctive unpleasant smell. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. May 05, 2018 normal constituents of urine normal constituent of urine.
Inorganic constituents of normal urine anions and cations. Red urine may be due to blood, haemoglobin, or beetroot. The concentration of urine is the highest in the a morning. Urine can be collected and examined easily, and presence of certain substances in the urine may indicate the metabolic state of the body. Qualitative analysis for pathological abnormal constituents. Methylene blue intake results in a green colored urine. Substances which are not present in easily detectable amounts in urine of normal healthy individuals but are present in the urine under certain diseased conditions are said to be abnormal constituents of urine. Feb 27, 2019 urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. Composition of urine normal urine is a yellow fluid. Normal constituents of urine normal urine is actually a highly complex aqueous solution of organic and inorganic substances. Educate yourself about the urinalysis normal values, so that you can read urine test reports on your own. About 1015 gm of chloride is excreted in urine per day. Urine test is performed for several health reasons.
Urinalysis has become more sophisticated since those times, but the. Experimental chromatography of urine on dowex 50the general procedure was the same as that previously described for urine l, except that a phosphate buffer of ph 7. The normal specific gravity correctly called relative density of a pooled 24 hour urine sample is between 1. The mean calorific content of urine may be approximately 100 kcalday. Over 99 percent of urinary solutes are composed of only 68 chemicals which have a concentration of 10 mgl. The urine is turbid cloudy if bacteria, wbcs, rbcs, yeast, or crystals are present. Urine is a liquid byproduct of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem. A microscopic examination of urine may reveal the presence of certain abnormal urinary constituents. The acidity of urine varies greatly depending on a persons diet and any medical conditions they may have.
Inorganic constituents of normal urine anions and cations are the inorganic constituents of normal urine. Several different types of waste products are eliminated in urine for example, urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine. The quantity depends on the water intake, external temperature, the diet and the individuals mental and physical condition. Several drugs discolor the urine, although some color changes depend on the ph of the urine table 58. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. A strongly ammoniacal odor means infection in the urinary tact. In normal condition we excrete 2080 mg protein in a day.
The ph hydrogen ion concentration of the urine can vary more than fold, from a normal low of 4. Jul 28, 2016 urinalysis is the examination of urine based on normal and abnormal findings. Normal urine colour is often described as straw, yellow or amber. Feline reference values for urine composition the journal. The urinometer method or by a refractometer in cases when range of specific gravity of urine in normal cattle is the urine quantity is very small table 2. Abnormal constituents of urine biology for everybody.
The electrolytic pretreatment of urine is described, a mass balance is presented, a discussion of the electrochemistry of the process is given, and a typical composition of electrolyzed urine is listed. Performing test for normal inorganic and organic constituents. Through history, people created charts of urine color to help diagnose disease and by the 17th century, practitioners began tasting urine to help diagnose diabetes. Other constituents include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Kidneys remove waste product from the blood through small. Biochemical composition of normal urine article pdf available in nature precedings november 2011 with 15,869 reads how we measure reads. Chronically high or low ph can lead to disorders, such as the development of kidney stones or osteomalacia. It is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. These are pathological or abnormal constituents of urine.
Today checking sugar in urine is a test to detect diabetes and untreated diabetes still. Oliguria reduced output volume of urine below 500mls can be caused by. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents dr. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography mecc of. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with the remaining constituents, in order of decreasing concentration urea 9. Color of normal urine normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber.
Physical properties and detection of normal constituents of urine. Colors on the ph reagent pad usually range from yelloworange for acid ph to greenblue when ph is. Urinalysis is the examination of urine based on normal and abnormal findings. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is excreted via the urethra. Haematuria is the presence of red blood cells in urine.
In addition, some other substances which are present in normal urine in traces only, may be found in remarkably higher levels under certain pathological or abnormal conditions. No dietary changes were prescribed and no effort made to control their moisture in takes. Urine examination helps in the diagnosis of various renal as well as systemic diseases. Dec 11, 2018 the acidity of urine varies greatly depending on a persons diet and any medical conditions they may have. Introduction urine is an excretory product of the body. Urine composition and function chemistry libretexts.
So the basic objective of this experiment is to study about various organic and inorganic constituents of urine through various tests. Normally urine consists of water and some impurities like urea, uric acid, ions and creatinine. Examination of urine for normal constituents springerlink. Hippocrates 430377 bc noted that the condition of urine could reflect health. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents. Physical properties and detection of normal constituents. What are the abnormal constituents of urine answers.
How does a urinary tract infection influence urine ph. Name three constituents that might be present if a urinary tract infection exists. Vitamin tablets often result in a bright yellow urine, as does the presence of bilirubin a bile pigment. Chloride excretion in urine is influenced by diet, fluid intake and acidbase status of the individual. In ketosis, the fruity odor of excreted acetone may be present. A normal adult excretes daily from ml to 1800 ml of urine. The presence of significant levels of protein or sugar in urine indicates potential health. Fresh normal urine is said to have an aromatic odor. There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline. Urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. Such pathological constituents are referred to as abnormal constituents of urine.